The French Revolution in Europe

France brought land reform, tax reform, pertly institutions, and new system of weights and measure, currency, and law to the defeated territories. As a result of the French occupation, the doctrines of freedom, equality and the nation as the chassis of the spate's go away spread all over atomic number 63.

This reunification of Europe did not last, however, beca custom the two greatest powers in Europe, Russia and Great Britain, remained out-of-door the system. Revolution and disorder erupted all over Europe. Yet no war was precipitated between major powers. By 1850, the revolutions were over and whatsoever victories were a faint memory for most countries. Craig described this m as follows:

"After all the rhetoric and the resolutions and the bravery on the barricades and in the field the continent of Europe seem to be, on the consentient, unchanged. The attempt to liberalize and federalize the Hapsburg empire had failed as shamefully as the movement to unify Germany; both Kremsier and Frankfurt were might- present-beens. The Bourbons were bear in Naples and the pope was back in Rome. Austria was supreme in northern Italy; her influence in Germany was restored" (142).

Two factors strongly influenced the European states to resolve their disputes without returning to full-scale war. First, they were exhausted financially from the Napoleonic Wars. Over the years (1803 to 1815) these wars had been fought, various combinations of the European nations (Austria, Great Britain, Russia, Pruss

During the second half of the 19th century, European surviveers shifted their focus to politics and diplomacy. The reconfiguration of Europe had resulted in a power shift as well as a geographic change. Some nations were make more powerful and others were made weaker. Mutual distrust existed among the leaders of the European nations. Industrialization, socialist movements and plenty unionism increased political and social tension.

France, in turn, suffered through with(predicate) a succession of rulers and regimes. Each ruler lost elevate as his government became corrupt, subverted the parliamentary power, practiced favoritism, suppressed obliging liberties, or mismanaged the economy.

semipolitical divisions and alienation of the middle-class citizens, peasants, and workers from the monarchs took their toll. The February Revolution of 1848 removed(p) the last of the monarchs and established the Second Republic. The Second Republic take Louis Napoleon as president. Not all of the French people were comfortable peasant farmers. Many French people lived in poverty in the villages as well as Paris. In The French Worker, Traugott shares autobiographies from people who lived during these turbulent times:

When class distinctions strike disappeared and all production has been concentrated in the hands of the whole nation, the public power will lose its political character. Political power is merely the organized power of one class for oppressing another according to Marx and Engels. If the proletariat is compelled by circumstances to use force to remove the old conditions of production, then it will feed swept away the conditions for class antagonism, also, and will thereby have abolished its own supremacy as a class. In the arrange of the old bourgeois society, with its power, status and class antagonism, there will be an association in which "the free development of distributively is the condition for the free development of all" (31). This will lead to a spontaneous, decentralized orga
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