Motivating Employees with Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, X/Y Theory and Expectancy and Contingency Theory

Hierarchy of Needs (Maslows)Maslow theorized that if he could figure out what made deep people work, he could apply the technique to motivate others, thusly creating the hierarchy of needs ( salad days, 2007, p. 38).

A. Example: Success depends on motivation, Peak (2007) cites Sam Walton as a unique example because he solicited?and valued?employee input when he went to his store and talked with the night laborers prying about their physical needs. (p. 17). The Hierarchy of Needs (1943) (Maslow 1908-1970) was incorporated into Systems wariness (1960s) is a strategy that integrated two earlier systems, scientific steering and man dealings management helped bring the two strategies together to achieve both social goals of employees and managers productions goals. System management holds that effectiveness is met through interdependence; innovation, overcoming conflict and change; and multitask not only skill but people, money, clock time, and equipment. (Peak, 2007, p. 38).

A. Scientific management, a certain authoritarian style, developed by Taylor at Bethlehem Steel (1898), researched time v. motion creating piecework, the precursor to the assembly line, such as hydrogen Fords company. The dictatorial control of labor brought the need for B. human relations management encompassing1. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs evolved from the2. Hawthorne studies of human motivation and management for task and for people.

C.



Human relations management studied at Hawthorne Works in Chicago at Western galvanic (1920s), (formerly telegraph, afterward AT&T, Bell and Lucent) found social or group rewards motivated employees as teamwork. The Hawthorne Effect is however attributed to half of all successful training sessions (Weber, 2002) and evoked more inquiry into what motivates workers especially by Maslow Hierarchy of Needs because if human needs ar met, motivation is intrinsic. Even Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene (Maintenance) Theory incorporated Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in that when basic occupational standards are met (e.g. ?adequate pay, benefits,

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