The Prostate and Ultrasound

Although the different elements of the prostate gland atomic number 18 tightly fused, they may be divided into distinct anterior, posterior, middle, and squint-eyed lobes. The organ's nonfunctional anterior lobe consists primarily of fibromuscular stroma. In contrast, the middle, the posterior, the two asquint lobes, and the innovation zones comprise the glandular portion of the prostate. The middle lobe consists of intimately 25% of the glandular prostate and includes the ara around the urethra and ejaculatory ducts. Moreover, the transition zone extends along the lateral aspects of the proximal urethra and consists of between 5 and 10% of the prostate's glandular tissue (5:274). Lastly, approximately 70% of the glandular prostate makes up the lateral and posterior lobes.

In teenaged boys, the organ is relatively undeveloped. At puberty though, in reply to androgens, its size increases significantly (2:42). By about the fourth decade, most(prenominal) men develop multiple calcifications with concomitant benign prostate hyperplasia. Such findings are generally called "common" rather than "normal." The margin "abnormal" is generally reserved for such things as cancer, cysts, and conglomerates of calcifications.

These anatomical structures are perhaps best visualized by transrectal sonography in both the transverse and longitudinal planes. Ultrasound technologies were scratch line evaluated for medical p

VI. instigative affection and calculi.

A. Embryological development.

2. Denis, L. J.; Braeckman, J. Normal sonographic anatomy of the prostate. In: Resnick, M. I., ed. Prostatic Ultrasonography. Philadelphia, PA: B. C. Decker Inc.; 1990; pp. 41-47.

3. Griffiths, G. J.; Clements, R.; Peeling, W. B. Inflammatory disease and calculi. In: Resnick, M. I., ed. Prostatic Ultrasonography. Philadelphia, PA: B. C. Decker Inc.; 1990; pp. 123-152.

In a normal sonogram, the prostate appears as an "atrophic crescent habitus under the bladder base (2:42-43)." Around the prostatic urethra, this lunule outline has a well-defined capsule. At the base of the prostate itself, however, sonograms may vary from oval to triangular in shape.

Calculi are thought to form as a result of either an inflammatory reaction or some other riddle causing acinar obstruction. This generally results in atrophy and corruption of the prostatic acini epithelial cells. When these cells are subsequently shed, they form hyalin masses called corpora amylacea within the albuminous fluid. Consolidation and calcification of these corpora amylacea results in prostatic calculi (3:123-151).

As both the applications and limitations of ultrasonography come to light, its precise persona as a diagnostic tool will run low more than apparent. Already, the techniques have proven to be useful adjuncts to the more traditional methods. With further improvement, transrectal ultrasonography will most for certain enhance both the detection and treatment of prostatic disease.

5. Mandel, M. J.; Hopper, K. D.; Jarowenko, M. V.; Rohner, T. J., et al. The expertness of transrectal ultrasound and prostate cancer. Critical Reviews in Diagnostic Imaging. 32:273-300; 1991.

IV. Normal sonographic appearance of the prostate.

Calculi tend to have variable supersonic echo patterns. Their distinguishing feature on ultrasonic examination, however, is their characterist
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